ASTM D1357-1995(2005) 制定外围大气的取样计划的标准操作规程
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【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforPlanningtheSamplingoftheAmbientAtmosphere
【原文标准名称】:制定外围大气的取样计划的标准操作规程
【标准号】:ASTMD1357-1995(2005)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1995
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D22.03
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:职业安全;抽样方法;空气质量;计划;规范(验收);环境;保健
【英文主题词】:ambientatmospheres;sampling
【摘要】:Sincetheanalysisoftheatmosphereisinfluencedbyphenomenainwhichallfactorsexceptthemethodofsamplingandanalyticalprocedurearebeyondthecontroloftheinvestigator,statisticalconsiderationmustbegiventodeterminetheadequacyofthenumberofsamplesobtained,thelengthoftimethatthesamplingprogramiscarriedout,andthenumberofsitessampled.Thepurposeofthesamplingandthecharacteristicsofthecontaminanttobemeasuredwillhaveaninfluenceindeterminingthisadequacy.Regular,orifpossible,continuousmeasurementsofthecontaminantwithsimultaneouspertinentmeteorologicalobservationsshouldbeobtainedduringallseasonsoftheyear.Statisticaltechniquesmaythenbeappliedtodeterminetheinfluenceofthemeteorologicalvariablesontheconcentrationsmeasured(2).Statisticalmethodsmaybeusedfortheinterpretationofallofthedataavailable(2).Trendsofpatternsandrelationshipsbetweenvariablesofstatisticalsignificancemaybedetected.Muchofthevalidityoftheresultswilldepend,however,onthecomprehensivenessoftheanalysisandthelocationandcontaminantmeasured.Forexample,if24-hsamplesofsuspendedparticulatematterareobtainedonlyperiodically(forexample,every6or8daysthroughouttheyear),thegeometricmeanofthemeasuredconcentrationsisrepresentativeofthemedianvalueassumingthedataarelognormallydistributed.Thegeometricmeanlevelmaybeusedtocomparetheairqualityatdifferentlocationsatwhichsuchregularbutintermittentobservationsofsuspendedparticulatematteraremade.1.1Thepurposeofthispracticeistopresentthebroadconceptsofsamplingtheambientairfortheconcentrationsofcontaminants.Detailedproceduresarenotdiscussed.Generalprinciplesinplanningasamplingprogramaregivenincludingguidelinesfortheselectionofsitesandthelocationoftheairsamplinginlet.1.2Investigationsofatmosphericcontaminantsinvolvethestudyofaheterogeneousmassunderuncontrolledconditions.Interpretationofthedataderivedfromtheairsamplingprogrammustoftenbebasedonthestatisticaltheoryofprobability.Extremecaremustbeobservedtoobtainmeasurementsoverasufficientlengthoftimetoobtainresultsthatmaybeconsideredrepresentative.1.3Thevariablesthatmayaffectthecontaminantconcentrationsaretheatmosphericstability(temperature-heightprofile),turbulence,windspeedanddirection,solarradiation,precipitation,topography,emissionrates,chemicalreactionratesfortheirformationanddecomposition,andthephysicalandchemicalpropertiesofthecontaminant.Toobtainconcentrationsofgaseouscontaminantsintermsofweightperunitvolume,theambienttemperatureandatmosphericpressureatthelocationsampledmustbeknown.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:Z11
【国际标准分类号】:13_040_20
【页数】:4P.;A4
【正文语种】:
【原文标准名称】:制定外围大气的取样计划的标准操作规程
【标准号】:ASTMD1357-1995(2005)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1995
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D22.03
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:职业安全;抽样方法;空气质量;计划;规范(验收);环境;保健
【英文主题词】:ambientatmospheres;sampling
【摘要】:Sincetheanalysisoftheatmosphereisinfluencedbyphenomenainwhichallfactorsexceptthemethodofsamplingandanalyticalprocedurearebeyondthecontroloftheinvestigator,statisticalconsiderationmustbegiventodeterminetheadequacyofthenumberofsamplesobtained,thelengthoftimethatthesamplingprogramiscarriedout,andthenumberofsitessampled.Thepurposeofthesamplingandthecharacteristicsofthecontaminanttobemeasuredwillhaveaninfluenceindeterminingthisadequacy.Regular,orifpossible,continuousmeasurementsofthecontaminantwithsimultaneouspertinentmeteorologicalobservationsshouldbeobtainedduringallseasonsoftheyear.Statisticaltechniquesmaythenbeappliedtodeterminetheinfluenceofthemeteorologicalvariablesontheconcentrationsmeasured(2).Statisticalmethodsmaybeusedfortheinterpretationofallofthedataavailable(2).Trendsofpatternsandrelationshipsbetweenvariablesofstatisticalsignificancemaybedetected.Muchofthevalidityoftheresultswilldepend,however,onthecomprehensivenessoftheanalysisandthelocationandcontaminantmeasured.Forexample,if24-hsamplesofsuspendedparticulatematterareobtainedonlyperiodically(forexample,every6or8daysthroughouttheyear),thegeometricmeanofthemeasuredconcentrationsisrepresentativeofthemedianvalueassumingthedataarelognormallydistributed.Thegeometricmeanlevelmaybeusedtocomparetheairqualityatdifferentlocationsatwhichsuchregularbutintermittentobservationsofsuspendedparticulatematteraremade.1.1Thepurposeofthispracticeistopresentthebroadconceptsofsamplingtheambientairfortheconcentrationsofcontaminants.Detailedproceduresarenotdiscussed.Generalprinciplesinplanningasamplingprogramaregivenincludingguidelinesfortheselectionofsitesandthelocationoftheairsamplinginlet.1.2Investigationsofatmosphericcontaminantsinvolvethestudyofaheterogeneousmassunderuncontrolledconditions.Interpretationofthedataderivedfromtheairsamplingprogrammustoftenbebasedonthestatisticaltheoryofprobability.Extremecaremustbeobservedtoobtainmeasurementsoverasufficientlengthoftimetoobtainresultsthatmaybeconsideredrepresentative.1.3Thevariablesthatmayaffectthecontaminantconcentrationsaretheatmosphericstability(temperature-heightprofile),turbulence,windspeedanddirection,solarradiation,precipitation,topography,emissionrates,chemicalreactionratesfortheirformationanddecomposition,andthephysicalandchemicalpropertiesofthecontaminant.Toobtainconcentrationsofgaseouscontaminantsintermsofweightperunitvolume,theambienttemperatureandatmosphericpressureatthelocationsampledmustbeknown.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:Z11
【国际标准分类号】:13_040_20
【页数】:4P.;A4
【正文语种】:
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